An Appraisal of the Effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care in Preterm Babies in Kaduna State
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Background of the Study
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an essential, low-cost intervention aimed at providing preterm infants with warmth, protection, and early breastfeeding support by having them held skin-to-skin by their mothers or other caregivers (Charpak et al., 2023). This method has been extensively promoted worldwide as a strategy for improving the survival and health outcomes of preterm babies, particularly in low-resource settings. KMC is reported to reduce the risks of infections, hypothermia, and underdevelopment, while promoting better breastfeeding practices and parent-infant bonding.
In Kaduna State, the prevalence of preterm births is significant, and the healthcare system faces challenges such as insufficient neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), inadequate training for healthcare providers, and low rates of exclusive breastfeeding. Despite the potential benefits of KMC, its implementation in many regions, including Kaduna, has been limited by these challenges. This study seeks to appraise the effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care in improving the health outcomes of preterm babies in Kaduna State, exploring how KMC practices are integrated into neonatal care and how effective they are in promoting survival and healthy development.
Statement of the Problem
Preterm babies are at high risk of mortality and long-term health complications, particularly in settings like Kaduna State, where healthcare resources are stretched. Although Kangaroo Mother Care is recognized as an effective intervention, its adoption in the state may be hindered by factors such as lack of awareness, insufficient infrastructure, and lack of adequate training for healthcare workers. This study will examine the impact of KMC on preterm infants' health outcomes, including survival rates, growth, and developmental progress.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care in improving the health outcomes of preterm babies in Kaduna State.
- To identify the barriers to implementing Kangaroo Mother Care in neonatal care facilities in Kaduna State.
- To assess the role of healthcare workers in facilitating Kangaroo Mother Care for preterm babies.
Research Questions
- How effective is Kangaroo Mother Care in improving the survival and health outcomes of preterm babies in Kaduna State?
- What factors hinder the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care in Kaduna State?
- How do healthcare workers in Kaduna State facilitate Kangaroo Mother Care for preterm babies?
Research Hypotheses
- Kangaroo Mother Care improves the survival and developmental outcomes of preterm babies in Kaduna State.
- Lack of resources and inadequate training hinder the widespread implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care in Kaduna State.
- Healthcare workers play a significant role in the success of Kangaroo Mother Care for preterm babies.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on neonatal care facilities in urban and rural areas of Kaduna State, specifically those that have implemented or attempted to implement Kangaroo Mother Care. Data will be collected through surveys, interviews, and health records of preterm infants. Limitations include potential biases in healthcare facility reporting and variability in KMC practices across different regions.
Definitions of Terms
- Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC): A method of providing care for preterm infants that involves skin-to-skin contact with the mother or another caregiver to improve health outcomes such as thermoregulation, feeding, and bonding.
- Preterm Babies: Infants born before 37 weeks of gestation, who face heightened risks of health complications.
- Healthcare Workers: Medical professionals, including nurses, doctors, and midwives, who provide care to preterm infants.
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